南予医学雑誌　第17巻

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南予医誌　Vol.17　No. １　2016－40－Abstract　Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of the thyroid gland is a widely performed procedure to evaluate thyroid nodules. The procedure is cost-effective and rarely causes complications. In this report， we describe a patient who developed acute thyroid swelling (ATS) with adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) after FNA. A 64-year-old woman underwent FNA of the right thyroid nodule. Following the procedure， the thyroid of the patient dif-fusely enlarged with pain， and dyspnea developed. Tracheal intubation was performed at a nearby institution， after which she was transferred to our hospital. Computed tomography (CT) of the cervix showed a diffusely enlarged thyroid with a compressed trachea， and a chest CT and radiography revealed ARDS. The thyroid remained enlarged for over 24 hours. Glucocorticoid therapy was thus performed， and the size decreased to pre-FNA proportions. Total thyroidectomy was performed approximately 1 year later. Histology conrmed a diagnosis of adenomatous goiter， and immunohistological staining for calcito-nin gene-related peptide was negative. In conclusion， our case demonstrated that FNA can cause ATS with ARDS. These two disorders may develop because of bioactive substances released from the thyroid. Glucocorticoid therapy can be effective against ATS with ARDS. Clinicians should be aware that ATS has the potential to occur with serious complications， and should be prepared to provide glucocorticoid therapy in such cases.　 （Nan-yo Med J 2016; 17: 39-45.）Key Words：‌ Acute thyroid swelling; Adult respiratory distress syndrome; Fine-needle aspiration; 　　　　　 Glucocorticoid therapy